Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) structures fabricated with titanium nodes have emerged as promising catalysts for a diverse range of applications. These materials possess exceptional physical properties, including high surface area, tunable band gaps, and good durability. The unique combination of these attributes makes titanium-based MOFs highly e

Nanoparticles have emerged as promising materials in various fields, including biomedical applications. Conversely, the potential toxicity of these nanoparticles remains a pressing concern. Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs), a particular type of nanoparticle capable of converting near-infrared light to visible light, have achieved considerable att